EVALUASI TERHADAP KARBON DI DUNIA MAJU DAN BERKEMBANG: Sebuah Usaha Dalam Kebijakan Pembangunan Lingkungan
Abstract
In the development on an ongoing basis, to constantly pay attention to the environmental conditions in the vicinity. Developed countries such as European countries and the United States, and economic figures like Keynes and Ricardo always need to safeguard the environment if it wants to pursue rationality. The world of global climate change caused by rising carbon dioxide gas (CO2), methane, and other gases due to industrial activities and the use of fuel for motor vehicles.
Emissions trading has been initiated since 1920 by Pigou, followed by a character called Coase, and in 1968 finally emissions trading could be implemented through a cap and trade scheme. In this scheme, the government provides emission credits, thereby providing the right for the ompany to remove the pollution. The Kyoto Protocol has also been implemented in 1997 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This paper will discuss the evaluation of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol scheme, the EU ETS, and a system of cap-and-trade in the United States. Discussion of this evaluation is important to examine the effectiveness of on-trade emissions trading scheme in the world and its sustainability in improving the atmosphere of the world that have been damaged. Furthermore, the discussion will also lead to alternative new emissions trading scheme to be implemented more effectively and efficiently.
The study of the development environment in terms of emissions trading can be concluded, among others: trading of carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases in essence is a commodification of the economy by exploiting the issue of environmental change. The effectiveness of carbon emissions trading and the greenhouse has been quite effective in reducing the world's greenhouse gases, but the world's greenhouse gas emissions increased since 1990 because in developing countries are not affected by the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: carbon emissions and greenhouse gases, the Kyoto Protocol, Cap-and-trade
Emissions trading has been initiated since 1920 by Pigou, followed by a character called Coase, and in 1968 finally emissions trading could be implemented through a cap and trade scheme. In this scheme, the government provides emission credits, thereby providing the right for the ompany to remove the pollution. The Kyoto Protocol has also been implemented in 1997 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This paper will discuss the evaluation of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol scheme, the EU ETS, and a system of cap-and-trade in the United States. Discussion of this evaluation is important to examine the effectiveness of on-trade emissions trading scheme in the world and its sustainability in improving the atmosphere of the world that have been damaged. Furthermore, the discussion will also lead to alternative new emissions trading scheme to be implemented more effectively and efficiently.
The study of the development environment in terms of emissions trading can be concluded, among others: trading of carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases in essence is a commodification of the economy by exploiting the issue of environmental change. The effectiveness of carbon emissions trading and the greenhouse has been quite effective in reducing the world's greenhouse gases, but the world's greenhouse gas emissions increased since 1990 because in developing countries are not affected by the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: carbon emissions and greenhouse gases, the Kyoto Protocol, Cap-and-trade
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